Congress Makeup Who Holds the Majority

Analysis Of The Movie Crash - 1379 Words

Racisms in Crash Many movies try to tackle huge issues that face society in hopes that the ideas presented will encourage society to change. In Crash directed by Paul Haggis, he tackles the idea of racism through cause and effect between multiple groups of people in the different races. The world has been racist and intolerant of people different from themselves. Millions of people have suffered due to the prejudice of people that couldn’t understand the change of differences among one another. Long time ago, in the United States people who were not straight white, that didn’t have blue eyes or blonde hair but had darker skin were classified as inferior to anyone else. Racism has been a problem since the very first day two men of different races met. Even now, racism is still considered a big issue in our society. The movie Crash shows good examples of how racism against oneself is caused by fear, misunderstanding, deals with the issue of stereotypes and the idea of innocence and has an element of kill or be killed with the imperfections of life. The movie Crash has characters that have to face stereotypes that influence the character s position in the films. In Crash Rick and his wife, Jean, were car-jacked and because Rick was a politician his wife feared that the carjacking was just the beginning. Rick then called in a locksmith to have their lock changes to help ease the worries of his wife who also felt that this was more than a one-timeShow MoreRelatedMovie Analysis : The Movie Crash 1662 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to know in a short amount of time.When it comes to the textual analysis of it all it all depends on how the script is written not only that but how the script is played out in the film. In the textual analysis of a film you have to really pay attention to the environment during the film. You have to pay attention to the race in the film, the themes throughout the film and the gender roles played in the film. In the movie Crash we see many pairs where they each have their own different points ofRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1055 Words   |  5 Pages1108 23 November 2015 Movie Analysis Although the movie Crash aired in 2004, the movie does a phenomenal job at depicting social conflicts that are still evident in 2015. Crash, also deals with wide range of controversies and offers multiple narratives. And since narrative is always a two-way street, the movie does a great job of showing two perspectives of everything. More specifically, it challenges our ethical and moral beliefs in a sense that many of the scenes in the movie reside in the grey areaRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1362 Words   |  6 Pagescalled â€Å"Crash†, this movie basically talks about racism and the impact it has on the lives of people in Los Angeles. This movie got a good response from the viewers, as it concentrated on some real harsh realities of racism and asked some hard questions which are generally avoided in movies. This movie clearly promotes the a very delicate issue, and hence requires some detailed assessment. I personally feel the movie was good and it portrayed some very common events of racism, I think â€Å"Crash† showsRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1853 Words   |  8 Pages GENRE I RACE IN THE FILM CRASH DEPARTMENT OF FILM AND CREATIVE WRITING INTRODUCTION TO FILM STUDIES B MODULE CODE: 09 24802 STUDENT ID: 1613440 MICHELE AARON UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM 1. Introduction This paper is a critical analysis of the American film Crash, directed by Paul Haggis which was performed for the first time in 2004. This essay will therefore deal with Gender I and Race, two of the approaches discussed in the subject Introduction to Film Studies B in the secondRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 963 Words   |  4 Pagesindividual, for instance the way they perceive others and also the way they perceive themselves. Paul Haggis’s movie â€Å"Crash† conceptualize on this idea and interpret it in an in entirely different way; so that we can see that there are reasons and motives to why our society is separated this type of way. The movie is full of many sociological issues, such as gender, race, and social class. The movie is centralize around racism, and wants to give its own interpretation on racism, the reasons why it happensRead MoreDepth Analysis of the Movie Crash2037 Words   |  7 Pagespaper will provide a broad analysis of the movie Crash, and yet a specific picture of visual narrative techniques and audio techniques. The categories contributing to the nucleus and major movie components are theatrical elements, cinematography, editing, and sound. The Academy Award winning movie Crash is a story about society s controversial subjects projected in an in your face depiction of lives that in some way or another, cross. Depth Analysis of the Movie Crash The over-all theme ofRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Crash1926 Words   |  8 PagesThe Movie Crash takes place in Los Angeles, California in the winter time. Throughout this movie, all of the stories connect in one way or another. This movie shows the lives of a diverse population of people, they have different race and social classes. In one of the first parts of the movie, they show a racist pawn shop owner that refuses to sell a gun to a man, simply because he is speaking to his daughter in another language, he generalizes all people of that race and accuses the man of â€Å"killingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash 1394 Words   |  6 PagesCRASH! This was the last sound Tim Horton heard before he crashed into the woods. His drunk body made the violent rolling of the car feel like nothing. His mind still back at the bar, crying for a better life. He wanted this attempt to be painless and quick, but was depressed to see his immaculated body upside down in his turnovered car. The drunk had no more tears to shed, he had no screams to let out; all he could do was hit his head against the seat. He wanted something to break ,but his mindRead MoreMovie Analysis : Crash 1606 Words   |  7 Pagesare many movies out there that take a viewpoint form so many angles, this movie Crash does this that. Watching this mo vie brought about many emotions from my own life but to get a sense of what other people in the world go through when it comes to interacting with other races, the experiences we’ve had with them and also the perspectives we hold inside of us overall. This chapter will look at three scenes form the move crash and break each one of them down to showcase the significance of what individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Crash Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesWriting Inquiry  Ã‚   September 29, 2106  Ã‚           Ã‚   Crash Movie Essay  Ã‚   Since the beginning of time, the world has been intolerant of people that are different or stand out. People have an issue accepting others that have contrasting views, values, opinions, beliefs, and even appearances. Whether we like it or not, there is a little bit racism in all of us, although it may not be as evident in one person as it is in another. In the 2004 film,  Crash, race is portrayed as being an abnormality that negatively

History and Influences of Mexican Americans and the United States Essay Free Essays

Looking around the United States. it is non difficult to see the influence that Spanish-speaking states. viz. We will write a custom essay sample on History and Influences of Mexican Americans and the United States Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Mexico. hold had on us. Every twenty-four hours we see marks in Spanish. We hear it as we walk through the streets of Madison and Milwaukee. We feel the impact it has on us in our public school system. We besides see the contention it causes on the intelligence. What I will be trying to research in this paper is the beginnings of Mexican Americans and their continuing influence on the United States. I believe it is of import to first understand the history of the relationship between Americans and Mexicans to understand the preconceived impressions many Americans have towards Mexico. Although both states are technically â€Å"Americas† . for the continuance of the paper I will mention to the United States as America. After winning its independency from Spain. Mexico foremost had large-scale contact with Americans during the early 1800s when Americans were migrating further west to what is present twenty-four hours Texas. Mexico allowed these citizens to shack despite the tenseness and clash that was constructing between Whites. Indians and Mexicans in these districts. Texas citizens declared themselves an independent state. and due to the United States acknowledgment of such. a war was prompted between the United States and Mexico. Mexico lost the war every bit good as its districts in North America. Mexican citizens who stayed behind in the lost districts became American citizens ( Marger. 2012 ) . One of the things that ever confounded me about racism in the South. and provinces like Arizona. is the complete indifference or ignorance of this fact. I have ever wondered how the White Supremacist mentality plants when Mexican Americans have a natural lineage in these provinces and were the first citizens of these provinces. How can we still see bumper spines that say â€Å"Learn English or Travel Home† . or â€Å"Go back to your ain country† when the first citizens of these provinces were Mexicans? I believe that a cause for this is the deficiency of accent of early Mexican American history taught in schools. I I believe that if this were emphasized. these specific ethnocentric statements would be dispelled earlier. Immigration of Mexicans and other Hispanics to America is non traveling to halt. so to disregard their political influence would be foolish. Demographics are demoing that the Hispanic population is on the rise. There are an estimated 6. 6 million illegal immigrants from Mexico entirely shacking in the United States ( Marger. 2012 ) . The European American population. although still the largest in size. worsening. ( Marger. 2012 ) . Since there are an increasing sum of people in the United States who are a assorted race. such as myself who is portion Mexican American. true Numberss of those who identify as portion Hispanic are non yet known. ( Marger. 2012 ) . I believe that due to this. it is more important than of all time to understand what sort of influence Mexican Americans will hold on the socioeconomic and political construction of the hereafter America. Equally much as certain groups of people would desire to deny the influence of Mexican civilization. every bit good as that of other Spanish-speaking ethnicities on the United States. the population statistics. ( every bit good as the 2012 Election consequences. in my sentiment ) prove otherwise. Spanish americans are the largest minority group ( Naumann. Benet-Martinez. Espinoza 2013 ) . and it is estimated that by 2050. 46 % of the United States population will be Latino. ( Marger. 2012 ) . Insofar as political influence is concerned. 2008 held 19. 5 million registered Hispanic electors. and it is estimated that 23. 7 million registered electors were Latino in the 2012 election. To more specifically mention the influence of Mexican Americans in today’s vote universe. there are 33 million Mexican Americans in the United States and 73 % of them were born in America ( Naumann. et al 2013 ) . Despite efforts of the Republican Party to capture the ballot of Latino Americans. 70 % of them are still voting Democratic. ( Naumann. et al 2013 ) . Although Cubans tend to vote chiefly more for Republicans. the larger population of Mexican Americans is still voting for Democrats. ( Naumann. et al 2013 ) . By analysing these informations. I can merely reason that the desperate demand for the Latino ballot from the GOP is the exclusive intent of the being of Marco Rubio in modern political relations. A inquiry arises. every bit much as Mexican Americans influence us. how much do we act upon them? The reply would hold to depend on how in favour they are of assimilation. Surveies have shown that most Mexican American young person would prefer a â€Å"biculturism† signifier of socialization. preferring to keep on to their cultural imposts but besides to encompass new American 1s ( Naumann. et al 2013 ) . It was besides shown in these surveies that the more deep-routed Mexican Americans tend to be in their ethnicity. that the likelier they are to vote liberally ( Naumann. et al 2013 ) . Understanding Mexican Americans function in the workplace presently will besides assist explicate motives as to how they vote and continue to act upon the remainder of America. A survey published in 2005 showed that Mexicans. while populating in Mexico. have fewer outlooks for promotion in the workplace. including to upper-management places. This leads them to believe there are less signifiers of favoritism based on age. sex and ethnicity ( Bennington. Wagman. Stallone. 2005 ) . Although these surveies were done for Mexicans. non Mexican Americans. I believe that during the newest moving ridge of in-migration this attitude could transport over. which could explicate at least one ground that despite the big population. there are non heaping sums of Mexican Americans in high-level places. For work life itself. harmonizing to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Mexican Americans have at big suffered the same impact of the recession other ethnicities have suffered. holding Unemployment top outing strongly in the 2009-2011 old ages and merely now in 2013 get downing to do a recovery ( Bureau of Labor Statistics. 2013 ) . I believe this relates to the influence Mexican Americans have on us because since newer immigrants do non seek power every bit rapidly as other cultural groups. it can take to certain biass of them being unmotivated. which in bend would act upon behaviour of White Americans to handle them as subsidiaries. In summing up. I believe that educating the true history of Mexican Americans ( such as their beginning as fall ining the US as citizens after the Mexican War ) . can assist halt certain signifiers of bias. every bit good as assisting Americans to recognize that they are an ever-increasing demographic that is non traveling off anytime shortly. Their influence is turning in US Politics. and this will hold to be recognized if certain political groups wish to last in the new century. I believe that if there is more respect given to them while they are a minority group. the more regard they will give to White America one time Whites lose their position as the dominant cultural group. How to cite History and Influences of Mexican Americans and the United States Essay, Essay examples

Entrepreneurship Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Entrepreneurship Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd. Answer: Introduction Gina Rinehart is the Executive Chairman of Hancock Prospecting. She is one of the most famous and influential entrepreneurs of Australia. Hancock Prospecting is a mineral exploration company of Australia. Rinehart inherited this successful business from Lang Hancock, her father. Due to her immense success in the business, she was named the Queen of Iron-ore Trade by the industry. She holds the position of executive Chairman in the company. Her net asset worth is $11.4 billion as per a report by Forbes (Forbes.com 2017). I contacted Ginas secretary for a chat with her. After two weeks, I got a call back from Ginas office that I can go to her office for the interview. Hence, I prepared some questions for her. It is a milestone in my career to interview the richest woman of Australia, who has built a fortune of $8 bn based on the exploration of the iron ore mines in the regions of Queensland and Western Australia. On the next Friday morning, I reached Ginas office for the interview. It started with a very warm welcome from the lady herself, which was breaking of the ice for a novice interviewer. The conversation started with the poor performance of Australia in the Olympics. Then it moved to how much she admires Margaret Thatcher. After that I started to ask her my questions about the company and about herself. Hancock Prospecting Pty Ltd is one of the major iron ore mining companies in Pilbara of Western Australia. Lang Hancock founded this company in 1952 (hancockprospecting.com 2017). Lang found the largest iron ore deposit of the world in Pilbara of Western Australia. Gina Rinehart, daughter of Lang Hancock inherited the family business in 1992. As the Executive Chairman of the company, Gina made immense contribution towards substantial business growth and protection of the company. She pushed forward the projects that were in the pipeline, for example, Jacaranda Joint Venture Alliance in 2007 for the tenements of various important minerals across Australia. She also entered in some joint ventures for some prospective coal tenements near Queensland during 2010 and 2011. Gina took the initiative and put efforts into coal tenements in Galilee Basin and securing a railroad and port required for coal transportation. In 2010, Gina took the venture of investment in a mine pit in Galilee. It w as the first mine pit to be opened in Galilee. She was the first person to ship the extracted coal from Galilee basin to Asia via ships in 2011. It was a huge milestone for the Australian mining sector and iron-ore industry. A small private mining company became a pioneer in this field by following the direction of a West Australian woman, and handled more global and high class development projects than many large mining houses of the world. She initiated the construction of 3rd major mine of iron ore with a partnership with RTIO. In the consecutive years, Hancock Prospecting experienced a huge growth in its business under the leadership of Mrs. Rinehart. Analysis of Gina as an entrepreneur The 10 Ds of entrepreneurship addresses the 10 competencies of any entrepreneur required to success in the business. Not every successful entrepreneur possesses all the Ds, but everyone must possess some Ds to run the business successfully. The level of the competencies also varies from person to person. The 10Ds are: Dream, Decisiveness, Doers, Determination, Dedication, Devotion, Details, Destiny, Dollars and Distribute (Sznt 2016). From the interview of Mrs. Rinehart, it is evident that she has almost all the 10Ds in her nature. She took her fathers dream to develop their own mine and made it into a huge reality through determination, devotion and dedication. She was destined to inherit the big family business from her father and had enough money to finance all the business decisions. She became really big in the business by putting a keen eye on the details and taking things in her own hands, which is a great quality of a leader. Gina said that, people used to tell her that she w as an alter ego of her father, who was a dreamer. For Gina, the taking over the company was the only option. Rinehart is an optimistic person. Not only in case of business, but she is optimistic in her personal life too. That drove her to pursue and finally achieve her dreams despite all types of obstacles. The MBTI profile for Rinehart can be derived on the basis of how focused her attention, made her decisions and dealt with the world. From the interview, I perceive that her MBTI profile could be EFSJ. As per the characteristics of the EFSJs, Rinehart is outgoing and sociable, understands the needs of the employees, and appreciates them for the contribution. She focuses on the details and thus, puts efforts on collecting the necessary information before making any important decision (Myers Briggs Personality Types 2017). Rinehart never displayed any dark side of entrepreneurship. However, the court battle with her children regarding the assets of Hancock Prospecting had definitely made her unhappy and made relationships bitter, which is one of the dark sides of entrepreneurship (Ferguson 2012). Analysis of the characteristics of Hancock Prospecting For more than 50 years, Hancock Prospecting has been exploring and developing the mineral resources of Australia. It has focused primarily on the development of the prospective world class iron ore mines in the Pilbara of Western Australia. The company added Hoy Hill to their portfolio, where it will continue to make substantial amount of investments. It has signed a three State Agreement for iron ores and currently getting ready to sign a fourth State Agreement for the project of Roy Hill. It has tenements in Queensland, which has significant amount of thermal coal resources. The company also took ventures in prospective minerals such as Uranium, Lead/Zinc, Gold, Petroleum, Diamonds and Molybedenum. Hancock Prospecting has headquarters in Perth, Australia, and the building is known as HPPL House. It has another representative office in Brisbane and has exploration camps in Pilbara (hancockprospecting.com 2017) Business Model Canvas refers to the template of lean startup and strategicmanagement for the development of new or documentation of existing models of business. It is represented as a visual chart comprising the elements of an organizations value proposition, customers, infrastructure and finances. It helps the organizations to align their activities according to their potential trade offs. The Business Model Canvas consists of the following nine elements (Cowan 2014): Key partners Key activities Customer relationship Value proposition Key resource Customer segment Distribution channel Cost structure Stream of revenue These elements are classified into few broad categories, such as key activities, key resources, key partners fall into the category of Infrastructure. Value proposition is included under Offerings. Customer segment, distribution channels, customer relationship are under the category of Customers; and Finances include stream of revenue and cost structure of the company (Canvanizer.com 2017). (Source: Canvanizer.com 2017) Rinehart says, her father was able to foresee the future of iron ore mining and exploration. He could see the growth prospective when he discovered the largest iron ore deposits in Pilbara in 1952. The company always had applied the Business Model Canvas before taking any step. The father and daughter both followed the same principle. The company first identifies the customers of iron ores. Then they evaluate why the customers would purchase iron ore, and if the demand is increasing. Along with these, Hancock Prospecting evaluates the channels of distribution, customer relationships, revenue streams, primary activities, primary resources, primary partnerships such as with RTIO, and cost structure of the company. This way they apply the Business Model Canvas in their business operations. According to Rinehart, the Hancock Prospecting has contributed significantly in the Australian economy. It is one of the biggest mining companies in the country. A major amount of iron ore extracted is exported, thereby earning a larger amount of foreign currencies. The Hope Downs Joint Venture with Rio Tinto iron ore has more than 500 employees from different cultural backgrounds. The company also invested a large amount of money for the development of Lang Hancock Railway, which transports iron ore to Dampier. It also connects the other mine, Hope South. Thus, the company has contributed in many ways in the economy. The strengths of Hancock Prospecting are: huge availability of iron ore deposits in Pilbara, Galilee Basin where they have tenements; international policies and terms of trade; integrated planning; sustainability; operational efficiency, cost savings and skilled labor. The weaknesses are: heavy risk management; schedule constraints, rules and regulations of the government; current innovation deficit; poor communication among the shareholders and stakeholders; and interruptions in business. Hancock Prospecting is a business in technological sector. It uses advance technologies for exploring and extracting iron ore in Pilbara and Galilee Basin of Western Australia. In this sector, the specific theories or models that the company follows are: Operational Geological expertise, Focus on Exploration, Consistent Financial Strategy, Commitment to Sustainability and ExperiencedManagement Team. All these theories are focused towards using very advanced technologies to locate the position of minerals above and under the ground and extracting them safely and without causing much damage to the environment. Themanagement teams are focused towards achieving sustainable business goals at a low cost for profit maximization. This way the company has made great fortune in the last fifty years. Refection on learning from the interview Gina Rinehart is one of the greatest entrepreneurs in Australia. Her massive fortune is built on her company Hancock Prospecting and Hope Downs joint venture with Rio Tinto. I have learnt a great deal of things from her. She gives some advices for the young entrepreneurs. She tells them to dream big and stay focused. To start a business and achieve success, the ability to dream and pursuing that dream is very important. Determination, dedication and devotion are other important traits that should be followed young entrepreneurs. She says that patience is a great virtue in any kind of business. Without patience, one can make mistakes, which could turn out to be costly for the business. Hence, I realized that along with dreaming big, I must have the ability to foresee the future. I must also have the capability to manage any difficult situation. The leadership skills should be enhanced too for managing people. Therefore, young entrepreneurs should develop some of the 10Ds of entreprene urship to make it large in the business. Opportunity assessment In the coming few years, Gina and her company have some developmental plans. The projects are named as Hope 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. These projects are aimed at increasing the mining possibilities of the resource areas near Hope South, Marra Mamba, which are closer to rail infrastructure, and develop some more Hope Downs initiatives for mining. They plan to grow bigger and expand their business locally and globally (Ker 2013). From the interview of media shy Gina Rinehart, it can be concluded that the combination of destiny and hard work pays off well. Along with those, determination, dedication, devotion, attention to details, communication, motivation, and leadership skills can make a person good entrepreneur if he has the capability to take risk and plunge into new ventures. All of these qualities have made Gina Rinehart the most successful women entrepreneur and richest woman of Australia. References: Canvanizer.com, 2017. Create a new Business Model Canvas - Canvanizer. [online] Canvanizer.com. Available at: https://canvanizer.com/new/business-model-canvas [Accessed 18 May 2017]. Cowan, A., 2017. The 20 Minute Business Plan: Business Model Canvas Made Easy. [online] Alex Cowan. Available at: https://www.alexandercowan.com/business-model-canvas-templates/ [Accessed 18 May 2017]. hancockprospecting.com, 2017. [online] Available at: https://www.hancockprospecting.com.au/about-hancock-prospecting/company-overview/ [Accessed 18 May 2017]. Ker, P., 2013. Hancock Prospecting edits annual report. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/hancock-prospecting-edits-annual-report-20130513-2jhlx.html [Accessed 18 May 2017]. Myers Briggs Personality Types, 2017. ESFJ Personality Profile Myers Briggs (MBTI) Personality Types. [online] Opp.com. Available at: https://www.opp.com/tools/mbti/mbti-personality-types/esfj [Accessed 18 May 2017]. Sznt, P., 2016. The 10 Ds of entrepreneurship. [online] Pter Sznt's Blog. Available at: https://blog.szanto.co/the-10-ds-of-entrepreneurship/ [Accessed 18 May 2017].

6 Little White Lies You Can Tell To Get The Job

6 Little White Lies You Can Tell To Get The Job Lying is wrong almost all the time. And you certainly should never lie about your skills or experience in a job interview. Honesty is almost always the best policy. But†¦there are a few instances where fibbing can’t hurt- and might actually help you land the job. 1. OmissionIt’s okay to leave  one or two jobs off your resume. Maybe you weren’t there very long. Maybe you were fired or doubt that you would get a stellar reference. It’s okay to keep these quiet. Your resume doesn’t have to be a comprehensive list of your career whereabouts, just what’s most relevant and useful to your interviewer.2. How much you loved your former coworkersEven the mean girls and the power-hungry jerks and the spotlight-hoggers and the total bores. It’s okay to lie and say you were honored to work with such a great group. You’ll come off as more of a team player. Accentuate the positive! They’ll never know you used to grumble about eve ryone behind their backs the minute you got home.3. Your saintly interestsNobody’s interests really consist in charity work, volunteering, and fine arts museums. When it comes down to it, most of us would honestly report TV-watching, martinis, and trashy magazines. But it’s okay to be a little aspirational. Don’t stretch yourself too far: stick to an aspirational, but true, version of yourself.4. How fabulous your former boss wasYour last boss was actually a fire-breathing dragon. But there is zero profit in bad-mouthing him to your new potential boss. Try to pick a few good qualities you can mention, and, if all else fails, say you learned a lot.5. Your reason for changing jobsYou’re bored out of your mind and you detest your coworkers. Or your company is rumored to be downsizing, and you want to skip town with the rats. Whatever the real reason, it’s totally fine to say â€Å"I’d love to stay where I am, but this opportunity is just too d azzling to pass up.† They’ll be flattered, and you won’t look like a quitter who abandons ship at first sign of trouble.6. Your greatest weaknessEverybody fudges this one. Don’t share your real worst traits. Pick something (again, at least sort of truthful) that you can turn into a positive of sorts. Emphasize how you’re working constructively to turn that weakness into a strength. They’ll be impressed with your self-awareness and won’t notice that you’ve just flipped the table on them with their own question.Moral of the story? Don’t shoot yourself in the foot in the interests of abject honesty, but do keep mostly to the truth. It’ll be easier to remember and hold to what you said.

cigarette smoking Essays - Human Behavior, Health Effects Of Tobacco

cigarette smoking Essays - Human Behavior, Health Effects Of Tobacco CIGARETTE SMOKING IN PUBLIC PLACES In this day and age, smoking becomes common things for the people. They always smoke without concern about the surroundings. Some people thought smoking can liberate their tension and can relax their mind. How about the non smoker? Smoking in public places deliberately caused non smoker becomes a second hand smoker. Second hand smoker is the non smoker was they are live with the smoker group. From the research, the smoke came from the cigarette contain more dangerous and poisonous substance than the smoke that the smoker inhale itself. Therefore the second hand smoker is more risky to get the bad effect of smoking such as lung cancer and other disease. This is more like long term effects. In the short term, smoking in public places also can cause a discomfort situation to the people surrounding. Some people cannot stand the smell of the cigarette smoke. They may get cough or cannot breathe normally. The most critical group is the people that have asthma. They may lose their breath, get unconscious or even lost their life. In conclusion, smoking in public places is not good because in the long term it will harm the people health, especially to the non smoker and in short term it will cause a discomfort situation to the surrounding people. Thus, it is recommend prohibiting smoking in public places.

Marketing Assignment (see attachment for details) Essay

Marketing Assignment (see attachment for details) - Essay Example In order to achieve this marketers have to understand consumer preferences, what competitors are offering and how existing competitors compare with each other. Bread and breakfast market: The UK food and drink market has been growing steadily between 1997 and 2005 peaking in 2000-2001, but generally maintaining a growth rate of between 3.3% and 5.5%. The market size in 2005 according to the January 2006 Mintel report was â‚ ¤ 110,000 million with a growth rate of 3.3%. The market consists of a vast array of items such as bread, cereals, meats, poultry, eggs, milk, beverages, vegetable etc., which makes it unwieldy to be considered in a single marketing report. Therefore this report focuses on a segment of the food and drink market, the bread and breakfast market. The background information for this report is drawn from the Bread & Bakery Products. Market Report. 2001, offered as a free sample report by Key Note Ltd., although the character of the market in 2005 as gleaned from the latest available reports is summarised below. The year 2005 was good for the market with retail sales reaching â‚ ¤ 3.5 billion and grew at 2.5% over the previous year. Key Note reported that the market size was â‚ ¤ 2.8 billion in 2000. Thus the industry maintained an average growth rate of 5%. The industry as a whole was able to capitalise on consumer preferences such as fitness fads that made them avoid more starchy and fatty foods. In the UK, twelve million loaves of bread are consumed every day and 99% of households eat bread for breakfast and lunch in the form of sandwiches. France imports sliced wrapped bread from the UK. A subset of this market, the speciality breads - consisting of such as baguettes, focaccia, ciabatta, naan, pitta, rye breads, corn breads, organic breads and flavoured breads - is fast growing. Ethnic products such as pitta and naan account for 40% of the speciality bread market while

Preliminary Trial Balance of Wilma Wildcats Company Assignment - 1

Preliminary Trial Balance of Wilma Wildcats Company - Assignment Example The annual interest rate is 8%. 2. The Equipment was purchased prior to 2010. The company uses the straight-line method, assumed a $2,000 salvage value and an estimated useful life of 15 years. Record depreciation expense for 2010. 3. The company issued a $175,000 bond in a prior year at face value. The bond has a contract rate of 9% and pays interest annually on January 1st. Record the adjusting entry for the accrued interest expense on December 31st. 4. The company uses the allowance method to estimate its uncollectible accounts. The new Chief Financial Officer (CFO) decided to use the percent of receivables method and estimated that 10% of Accounts Receivables at December 31, 2010, will be uncollectible. Record the adjusting entry for bad debt expense for 2010. 6. Employees were last paid on December 24, 2010. Several employees worked through December 31st and wages due but not yet paid were $4,200. An adjusting entry needs to be recorded to reflect this liability. Use the space below for T-accounts (REQUIRED FOR GRADING). For each account in the journal entries, you will need to adjust the balance from the preliminary trial balance with the debit or credit from the journal entry. (only need to do T-accounts for those that change) Part 2: Using the trial balance below, complete the income statement and prepare the Statement of Retained Earnings and Classified Balance Sheet on the pages which follow.  

Risk assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk assessment - Essay Example One of the major man-made disasters in the Northern shore in Staten Island is the ship to ship oil transfer activities at St. George ferry terminal. For instance, on March 23, 2009, more than 3000 gallons of oil spilled into the ocean in the operation (Checker, 2009). Spillage of oil not only endangered the ecosystem in the area but also lives of people as waters and seafood become contaminated, in addition to ruining the beautiful beaches. The operation is a medium level risk that does not occur regularly, but may have serious repercussions. Another man-made hazard in the area is the many factories that operate near residential areas leaving traces of harmful and radioactive elements. For instance, On April 2 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency, EPA announced the discovery of lead levels ten times more than the acceptable limits on a site where the defunct Sedutto’s Ice Cream factory was located (Checker, 2009). This location is a few meters away from residential houses . Moreover, the urgency in the same day announced to have discovered high and alarming levels of lead and arsenic near the Veterans Park. Such materials do pose great danger to the lives of people and may be a serious predisposing factor of terminal diseases such as cancer and other respiratory diseases. The Fresh Kill, one of the largest landfills globally poses medium to high-level risk to the residents of North Shore Staten Island. The site contains all forms of hazardous materials buried to make the landfill. If the water from the landfill flows to the near residential areas the toxic materials might be a high risk. Considering the low-income class of people living next to the landfills, sanitation in these residential areas may not meet the required health standards, which is a high health risk. Moreover, a mix of factories and residential apartments in the Northern shore possess a high risk. Emissions from the factory may

What is Practical Work?

What is Practical Work? Practical work is viewed by the vast majority of science teachers, as an essential and integral part of science education. In fact, many regard it as an indispensable aspect of being a science teacher (Donnolly 1998 from review Practical work effectiveness in primary/sec schools Abraham). Practical work can encompass many different components, which can be divided into two main groups as described in Woodley E, (2009), as follows: 1) Core activities: These include hands-on activities such as different investigations, laboratory techniques and procedures, as well as fieldwork. These types of activities can help enhance the development of students practical laboratory skills, as well as helping them to understand key scientific concepts and phenomena. 2) Directly related activities: These are closely connected to the above core activities, and include practical demonstrations performed by the teacher, planning and designing scientific investigations and analysis of data. In addition, some argue that other activities such as use of computer simulations, modelling, use of surveys, presentations, group discussion and role plays can also constitute what is meant by the term practical activity (SCORE, 2008). However, others would disagree, and believe these activities would not come under the practical activity umbrella, and rather that they should be used complementarily alongside other practical activities, rather than be a substitute for them (Woodley, E). Millar described a practical activity as Any science teaching and learning activity which at some point involves the students, working individually or in small groups, in observing or manipulating objects to develop understanding. (Millar (2009)). It is described in The National Strategies as: Any activity that enables pupils to have direct, often hands-on, experience of the phenomena they are studying . (The National Strategies (2008)). In fact the following quotation from SCORE underpins what many believe about the importance of practical work in science: Science without practical is like swimming without water . (SCORE, 2008). Therefore, regardless of how practical work is defined, or what activities are thought to constitute it, it can be seen as a central part of how science should be taught in schools What is the Purpose of Practical Work? The main purposes of practical work are to engage students, aiding them to develop many important skills. In fact, practical work can support learning in a multitude of ways ranging from Personal learning and thinking skills to How science works (E Woodley) -See Figure 1. The overriding principle, however is to make links between the concrete and abstract worlds. (Reflecting on practical work). From reading the literature, it is clear that the different reasons and rationales for carrying out practical work in science can be classified into three main areas (see below), as discussed in (Practical Work in School Science: Which Way Now?  Jerry Wellington): Arguments for and against the use of practical work in science: 1). Cognitive arguments: It is thought that practical activities can relate to knowledge and understanding (the cognitive domain) by helping to strengthen students conceptual understanding of science by enabling them to visualise and make sense of different scientific laws and theories, often supporting learnt theory work. 2). Affective domains: This relates to the enjoyment and motivational aspects of practical work. Practical work is often used to generate interest and enthusiasm amongst students, and is thought to aid students in remembering things; making things stick. In fact, reports show that in terms of how students rate the enjoyability of school science activities, the three top rated were: going on a science trip (85%), looking at videos (75%) and doing a science experiment (71%), supporting the view that practical work is indeed highly motivational (Dillion J). 3). Skills argument: The last of the three main rationales for practical work is that it can help develop many transferable skills, as illustrated in Figure 1 above. However, characterising the real value and purpose of practical work is a very difficult task and divides opinion across the science education profession. In fact there are many arguments and counter arguments for and against practical work in science. Counter responses to the cognitive argument include the idea that practical work can often confuse rather than improve students understanding (especially if the practical does not go to plan). In addition Scott and Leach propose that practical work is not a good approach to teach theory, suggesting that theories comprise abstract ideas which cannot be demonstrated physically: In the context of the school laboratory it is clear that students cannot develop an understanding through their own observations, as the theoretical entities of science are not there to be seen. (Taken from Wellington book- Leach and Scott 1995:48) Arguments against the affective argument include the notion that many students are simply turned off at the idea and prospect of doing practicals. There is also evidence indicating that boys enjoy practical work more so than girls, and hence girls can often be less enthusiastic and motivated compared to boys doing the same practical task. (Wellington). Counter arguments to the proposal that practical work can develop many transferable skills also exist. These include the argument that group work within practical science often does not improve key skills such as communication and interaction, as widely believed, but when studied more closely, often results in more forceful students dominating the task, resulting in lack of enjoyment and engagement for some and the demotion of some students to simple medial tasks, such as drawing out tables or recording results without any real participation in the practical activity themselves.(Wellington). Many other science education professionals make claims of the overselling of the science education in terms of concept that science practical work can develop many transferable skills. The idea that these skills can add value to students and aid them on their chosen career paths have been discredited by some. In fact, Ausubel in the 1960s argued that any practical task that can give rise to the application of skills required for many disciplines, is simply not specific enough to address the particular scientific investigation being addressed: Grand strategies of discovery do not seem to be transferable across disciplines..it hardly seems plausible that a strategy of inquiry, which must necessarily be broad enough to be applicable to a wide range of disciplines and problems, can ever have sufficient particular relevance to be helpful in the solution of the specific problem at hand. (wellington, Ausubel 1964:298). Hence, there is much debate regarding the use of practical work within the teaching and learning of science in schools. The key question here really is to do with cognition and how we acquire knowledge. i.e. : How do we understand the world and make sense of it in our heads? (Miller R, 2004). One significant answer to this came from Jean Piaget, who is credited as the pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing. He argued that we construct ever more complicated and sophisticated representations of the world. This is through modifying our existing understandings (or schemas; a structured cluster of concepts) through our actions on the world around us. If Piaget is correct, then the use of practical work in observing and intervening in the world must be vital for our understanding of science (R Miller 2004). The effectiveness of practical work in science As discussed above, many science teachers and other science education professionals believe that practical work in the education of science in schools is vital for helping students learn and remember things more clearly. However, as also noted there are arguments suggesting that practical work is actually not all that effective at achieving these aims. A prominent quotation from Osborne (1998) questions the effectiveness of practical work in the learning of science, saying that practical work: has only a limited role to play in learning science and that much of it is of little educational value (p. 156. from Miller 2004 review). Much of the conclusions of research into the effectiveness of practical work remain somewhat ambiguous. Research carried out in the 1980s by Hewson and Hewson (1983), in which In addition, others have argued that the way in which practical work is practised is often the cause of its ineffectiveness, and perhaps, therefore the type of practical work used, and the way it is used should be analysed, rather than simply saying that all practical work is ineffective. Hence if we are interested in looking at the effectiveness of practical work in science, the specific practical work used, or planning to be used need to be very carefully planned and thought out. A key consideration here is actually what is meant by the term effectiveness. A framework for judging the effectiveness of practical work Theobald in the 1960s argued that scientific theory must always be taught first and is required in order to visualise: Experience does not give concepts meaning, if anything concepts give experience meaning (J Wellington). Aggressive Reality Television: Impacts on Teenage Viewers Aggressive Reality Television: Impacts on Teenage Viewers Nashun Gross ABSRACT The popularity of reality TV has soared among teens. Not only are teenagers watching reality TV more than any other TV show, but it also influences their behavior, which is caused by teenagers who make a connection with the cast members. Connections happen when teens imitate the behavior because they view the cast as role models. Even when the cast behaves aggressive, whether physical, verbal, or relational, they tend to imitate that behavior. The more teenagers view aggression on reality TV, the more they are likely to use aggression as a tactic when solving real world problems. Aggression influences both girls and boys. When boys watch aggressive behavior, they tend to resort to verbal and physical aggression. Girls predominately react by using relational aggression. When aggressive reality television becomes the norm, social aggression will too. Aggressive Reality Television Impacts Teenage Viewers Although there have not been many studies on the effects of reality television there is an underlying issue researchers have found in reality television programming, relational aggression. Carlson Ward (2013) described relational aggression as social aggression, which includes indirect aggression, spreading rumors of one’s character and hurting someone’s reputation or self-esteem. In today’s programming reality television has more relational aggressive acts than regular television programming (Patino, Kaltcheva, Smith, 2011). Surprisingly, researchers found relational aggression more common than physical aggression in the media, specifically, in reality television (Carlson Ward, 2013). However, teenagers exposed to physical aggression and relational aggression had the same effects. In other words, exposure to any type of aggressive behavior, physical or relational, led to aggressive responses and reactions in both male and female teenagers. Teenager’s response to media proved to have both short-term and long-term effects (Swartzwelder White, 2013). In the short term, marketing and advertising showed significant results in sales after product was shown during a reality program (Patino et al, 2011).In the long-term, affects have been shown as late as 15 years increase (Coyne, Robinson, Nelson, 2010). Specifically, when teenagers connected with characters on television they were more likely to watch for longer periods of time. With ideas of how to react to real life situations left in the mind of a teenager could shape how they view the world (Patino et al, 2011). Since the first reality show aired in 1994, reality television has become the choice of media for teens in the U.S. Year-by-year viewer’s ratings continue to increase (Coyne et al, 2010; Carlson Ward, 2013) with forty percent of television watched by teenagers coming from reality shows (Carlson Ward, 2013). It is a popular media. Within this new genre, verbal and relational aggression is rampant (Carlson Ward, 2013; Coyne et al, 2010). Reality programming displayed 25.1 relational aggressive acts per hour, while non-reality TV displayed 8.7 acts per hour (Carlson Ward, 2013).When all forms of aggression were combined, verbal, relational, direct and indirect, it averaged 85 aggressive acts per hour (Coyne et al, 2010). When teenagers viewed relational aggression it led to other forms of aggression, especially when teenagers identified or connected with the characters (Coyne et al, 2010). Teenagers showed higher levels of aggressive behavior (Coyne et al, 2010), when they made a connection with the characters (Carlson Ward, 2013) and had the ability to interact or participate in the reality shows, such as voting off characters or choosing the best to win. Studies found realism played a huge role in the effects of reality television. If teens thought reality TV was real, not manipulated by producers to create drama, they were inclined to watch more reality programs (Carlson Ward, 2013). Despite the manipulation, studies still found teenagers drawn to watch reality TV because it satisfied a need (Coyne et al, 2010; Ferguson, Salmond, Modi, 2013). One study found conflicting results. An internal survey given by the Girl Scout Research Institute took a non-random sample of 1141 teenage girls (Ferguson et al, 2013). By using the uses and gratifications approach in an online questionnaire, girls were more confident after they watched reality programming and displayed no affects of relational aggression (Ferguson et al, 2013). Researchers thought relational aggression should not be a concern to the public and found the effects may be more â€Å"subtle and complex† (Ferguson et al, 2013). Researchers studied teenager’s motivations in watching reality television, while questioning their values. Teens were motivated when programs displayed realism, physically attractive characters, and popular among friends, (Pantino, Kaltcheva, Smith, 2011). The uses and gratifications approach was useful to find out why teens chose reality TV rather than non-reality TV. Researchers concluded they desired voyeurism, connection with characters and vengeance (Coyne et al, 2013). Teenagers also learned to mimic the behavior portrayed by those who they look up to, who they connected to in reality television. As teenagers consumed more reality programming, with aggression in its midst, they found teens had more aggressive behavior. Consumption is related to behavioral effects (Carlson Ward, 2013), but what has not been discovered is the quantity of social aggression in reality television and its related effects (Coyne et al, 2013). Majority of researchers came to the same conclusion, reality television affects both male and female. When researchers compared the effects between girls and boys, they found no differences (Carlson Ward, 2013). Concerning relational aggression, girls showed more aggression than boys, while boys displayed more physical aggression than the girls (Coyne et al, 2013). With miniscule differences, boys are more physically aggressive and girls tend to have a saucy mouth. As a whole, the results indicate a current trend in teenagers, specifically with watching reality television. Teenagers tend to have changes in their attitudes and behaviors similar to the ones they watch regularly on reality television. In addition, studies have shown it takes just a few hours of exposure to display negative effects (Coyne et al, 2013; White , Swartzwelder 2013). These literature reviews revealed aggression had the same effects on boys than on girls. However, for future research understanding the associations between teenagers and realism on TV is important because it could help in assessing the severity of relational aggression among teenagers. Hypothesis 1: Teenagers who see abusive behavior, such as hitting, kicking or pushing others, in reality television programs, will have an increase in aggressive behavior, with boys experiencing a greater increase than girls. Hypothesis 2: Teenagers who see aggressive behavior, such as spreading rumors or damaging someone’s reputation or self-esteem, in reality television programs, will have an increase in relational aggressive behavior, with girls experiencing a greater increase than boys. METHOD Participants Participants are 60 students from a middle school located in suburban Jacksonville, Fl. Half of the students are male, the other half female. The ages range from 11-14 years. As a random sample, there will be no consideration on race. However, the sample size is divided up by each grade, meaning 20 students from the sixth grade, 20 students from the seventh grade, and 20 students from the eighth grade. Measures Exposure to reality programs then observed . Students would watch a 30-minute top-rated program once a week in class. Programs shown will have social aggressive behavior throughout, such as The Challenge: Cutthroat, Jersey Shore and Survivor (Carlson Ward, 2013). Then an observer would watch their behavior and report the results. Procedure Students are invited to participate on a voluntary basis with their parent’s permission. After a few weeks of getting the permission of the parents, an observer would visit each classroom and show a reality program on video. The program would run for 30-minutes, then shortly afterwards the student’s behavior would be observed for additional 30-minutes. The total time needed is approximately one hour per classroom visitation. The observer will fill out a Likert Scale before and after the reality show is played (Appendix A) to show the differences of behavior. References Carlson, C. Ward, M.L., (2013). Modeling meanness: Associations between reality TV  consumption, perceived realism, and adolescents’ social aggression. Media Psychology,  16 (4), 371-389. doi:10.1080/15213269.2013.832627 Coyne, S. M., Robinson, S. L., Nelson, D. A. (2010). Does reality backbite? Physical,  verbal, and relational aggression in reality television programs. Journal Of  Broadcasting Electronic Media, 54(2), 282-298. doi:10.1080/08838151003737931 Examples of likert scaled responses used in data-gathering. (n.d.). Retrieved from  http://www.rpgroup.org/sites/default/files/Surveys Interactive Activity %20Examples%20of%20Likert%20scales.pdf Ferguson, C., Salmond, K., Modi, K. (n.d.). Reality television predicts both positive and  negative outcomes for adolescent girls. Journal of Pediatrics, 162(6), 1175-1180. Patino, A., Kaltcheva, V. D., Smith, M. F. (2011). The Appeal of Reality Television  For Teen and Pre-Teen Audiences. Journal Of Advertising Research, 51(1), 288-297. White, A.M., Swartzwelder, S. (2013). What are they thinking?!: The straight facts about the  risk-taking, social-networking, still-developing teen brain. New York: W.W. Norton   Company, Inc. Appendix A (â€Å"Examples of likert scaled responses used in data gathering,† n.d.) How Are Tension And Suspense Built Up? How Are Tension And Suspense Built Up? Novels such as TRR and TTTH were very popular during Victorian times, and some people think that this was partly a reaction to the development of science during the period that was known as The Enlightenment. The scientific age taught that there was a reason for everything, and that emotions like fear should be repressed. Horror stories like these led to many of the horror films that we watch in the cinema today, and people liked them for the same reasons; being scared is exciting, and lets the person watching or reading experience this in safety. Writers knew that people enjoyed the genre, and so they used a variety of ways to make sure that the interest of the reader was maintained, and they would want to read more. Both Edgar Allen Poe and H.G. Wells use the traditional Gothic conventions to explore human fear and the power of the imagination, particularly using tension and anti-climax to make an exciting rhythm. I have read the short stories TRR by HGW and TTTH by EAP, and in this essay I hope to show how each author developed and maintained tension and suspense. Many of the methods are used in both stories, and are based on standard Gothic conventions such as duality, the weather, the setting, fear of the unknown, the supernatural, mystery and dread; they also use metonyms for doom and gloom, such as doors slamming shut and gusts of wind blowing out lights. In TTTH the tension starts with the first sentence, TRUE! nervous very, very dreadfully nervous. The writer uses capital letters and exclamation marks to cause surprise and fear, and follows this with a short, repetitive sentence. He then immediately draws the reader in by asking why they think he is mad, when clearly they had not had that thought themselves. The mood is approaching hysteria, which was a great fear in Victorian times. The author then mentions many things that are opposite to each other, such as heaven and hell, day and night and the fact that although he had nothing against the old man in his story, the fact that he had the eye of a vulture meant that he would have to kill him. Once the tension is in place, the author slows the pace by lengthening the sentences, but keeps the reader in a state of fear through his use of language. He continues to repeat words cautiously oh, so cautiously cautiously, making the narrator seem even more mad, even though he is trying to explain that he isnt. He gives a very intense description of the darkness inside the old mans room black as pitch with the thick darkness, making the reader aware that it is under the cover of this darkness that the evil deed will take place. The suspense starts to grow again when the narrator says that he made a mistake with the lantern, and that small sound woke up the old man. Neither of them moved for over an hour, and it almost feels like you are holding your breath with the two people in the story. After a long time, the old man groans, and this gives rise to more hysterical thoughts by the narrator, the sentences slow again, and the language less staccato and very dramatic Death, in approaching him had stalked with his black shadow before him, so the reader knows that something awful is bound to happen soon. The momentum builds further as the narrator opens the lantern, which fell full upon the vulture eye, and making it clear that the old man now also knows for certain that he is in danger. The narrator becomes furious, and believes that he can hear the beat of the old mans heart. The rhythm of the work gets faster, choppy sentences and a lot of exclamation marks and more repetition increase the excitement with th e beat of the hellish tattoo; then the crescendo, The old mans hour had come! The actual murder is over in a moment, and this sudden drop away from extreme terror to the narrator saying that he smiled gaily to find the deed so done exaggerates the tension. The next concern for the reader is whether or not the murder will be discovered, and the author increases this worry by describing the dismemberment of the body in quite graphic detail. The mood of the piece is changing again, with the description of as dark as midnight making way for I went down to open it (the door) with a light heart as the police arrive. The narrator takes the police on a very long journey through the house, asking them to search search well, and this makes the reader become anxious about when or if they will find the evidence of the old mans death. The language is calm and this adds to the impression of time passing slowly. As the characters sit and talk, the narrator starts to get more agitated; he can hear a strange noise getting closer. The pace picks up, the vocabulary starts to get more hysterical I arose and argued about trifles, in a high key and with violent gesticulations, it grows more repetitive, and the punctuation is full of exclamation marks. It b uilds to another climax, when the narrator says I felt that I must scream or die! and now again ! hark! louder! louder! louder! louder!. The reader will be on the edge of their seat by now, wondering what on earth will happen next; and is immediately dropped from this state of expectancy as the narrator shrieks his admission of guilt to the police, and the story comes to a sudden and dramatic close. TRR starts in a similar fashion, with the piece being written in the first person so that the reader can quickly identify with them, and feel what they are going through. The physical scene is set in more detail, with careful descriptions of the hideous features of the people involved in the story, and how the narrator felt about them. The three of them made me feel uncomfortable with their gaunt silences, their bent carriage, their evident unfriendliness to me and to one another. He had come to disprove a ghost story, and was not afraid, but these grotesque custodians were affecting him a lot; which helps to slowly start to wind up the tension in the story. The language of this early section involves words such as withered, inhuman, senility, night, darkness, dead, haunted and evil, all of which add to the suspense, and are standard ways of creating fear in this kind of novel. As the narrator decides to move on to the Red Room, to discover more about the alleged haunting, the other characters seem to try to stop him, suggesting that this is not a good time for him to go there. But if you go to the Red Room tonight , this sentence tails off, letting the reader imagine what the man might have been going to say. The old woman whispers this night of all nights, and as the narrator leaves to continue his ghost hunt, the man with the withered arm says Its your own choosing. So there are plenty of warnings, and the state of tension in the readers mind is maintained as the narrator sets off down the chilly, echoing passage. This passage is further described as long and shadowy, with a film of moisture glistening on the wall, (was) as gaunt and cold as a thing that is dead and rigid, and this journey to the room makes use of many other words chosen to create as much fear as possible, talking about ghosts, omens, and witches. The author also uses shadows, flickerin g candles, darkness and cold to great effect, making certain that the reader is anxious before the Red Room is even reached. Arriving at the room itself, it is described as being in a shadowy corner, and then a detailed description of the room and its contents is given. Again, the language is very imaginative, and this increases tension as the narrator tells us that it looks very frightening, and that one could well understand the legends that had sprouted in its black corners, its germinating darkness. As he tells the reader about each item, the sense of waiting for something bad to happen is very strong. He mentions his scientific attitude of mind, which was very popular in Victorian times, but then destroys any confidence this might cause by saying that he caught sight of his own face in a mirror, and despite his rational approach, it was absolutely white. Now that he has admitted to being frightened, the narrator builds on this by describing how he tries to make himself safe in the room, by lighting candles, getting his gun ready, and making a barricade out of a table. He tells us that he is in a state of considerable nervous tension, and goes out to get more candles until the room is as brightly lit as possible; then the wait begins. The candles start to go out, and its even more frightening that they do so one at a time; a note of hysteria creeps into his voice as he starts to try to relight the candles, and he becomes panic stricken. The fear is everywhere, and the pace is building, with the narrator crashing around the room desperate to stop the darkness from overwhelming him. When finally even the fire goes out, he says it was not only palpable darkness, but intolerable terror. At this moment the reader is certain that something appalling will happen, and the narrator screams with all his might once, twice, thrice. He runs for the door, knocks himself out, and knows no more. At this point he is completely vulnerable to whatever malevolent spirit might be present. The opposite to darkness rescues the narrator, as he opens his eyes in the daylight, and the tension is broken for a moment. His rescuers take a more friendly approach to him, and in daylight he wonders why he previously disliked them. They ask if he now believes that the room is haunted, and he agrees that it is. This reinstates the feelings of fear and tension as the reader wonder what he is about to reveal. Two of the custodians have their own theories about who the ghost may be, but the narrator cuts them short, and tells them that it is not, building the tension further. The old people and the readers are now on the edge of their seats, as in The Tell Tale Heart, waiting for the climax of the story. The speed of the text increases, with choppy sentences and a lot of punctuation as he announces Fear! Fear that will not have light nor sound, that will not bear with reason, that deafens and darken and overwhelms. This is a great contrast against the scientific theories of the time, making the reader question rationality, and would increase fear. The story ends with the last of the three custodians joining in the conversation, defining the haunting as A Power of Darkness, a curse upon the home. As the reader has already been asked to put aside rational scientific thoughts, this makes it even worse, by making them think that such a curse might be able to put on their own home. The tension continues right up to the last moment Fear itself is in that room. Black Fear..And there is will be..so long as this house of sin endures.

Artificial Intelligence and Investing Essay -- Technology, Stock Exch

Artificial Intelligence and Investing INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence can be defined as the ability of a computer to perform activities normally considered to require human intelligence. The techniques of this intelligence include knowledge-based, machine learning, and natural language processing techniques. Investing can be defined as the act of committing money to an endeavour with the exception of obtaining profit. Investing activities require data identification, asset valuation (the process of determining the worth of something), and risk management (the process of managing the uncertainty in investment decision-making). Artificial intelligence techniques can be applied to financial investing, especially in the areas of credit risk assessment and stock valuation. In the future, we can expect that the techniques of artificial intelligence will be integrated into systems that simultaneously address investing activities. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE? Technology is an important factor in investing activities. For example, stock trading is computer-based and can automatically execute the trading of large volumes of shares. This has become an extremely frequent activity on stock exchanges in our advanced world. Artificial intelligence is allowing humans to have a â€Å"cutting edge† by using computers when investing. Years ago, a usual activity for a computer program was a simple, or even a complex, numerical calculation. An example of this could be a forensic officer’s ability to compute the path and pattern of a bullet. Today, computers are more advanced. It is no problem for a computer program to assist humans in their decision making processes. Humans have access to huge databases across the world over the interne... ...ollection, asset valuation, and portfolio management). These systems will interact with humans and humans will be able to specify their preferences and make difficult decisions. SUMMARIZER’S CRITIQUE In general, the article â€Å"Artificial Intelligence and Investing† offered a lot of valuable information regarding the both the current, and future, paths of artificial intelligence systems. The article was broken down into simple sections that helped the article come together. The author’s intent of relating artificial intelligence to investing was successful in explaining that artificial intelligence is of great assistance to investors across the globe. On the other hand, I believe the article contained some examples and terms which were not really explained in enough detail to the average user. Basically, some terms were not presented at an average reader’s level.

William Butler Yeats

To Yeats, his ideas of the Irish politics of his time were never far from his modernist poems. He makes the political world seem a place of passion and contradictions, like art, requiring of us not to understand history in moral terms, such as â€Å"good and bad† but, rather, in seemingly emotionally artistic terms, like â€Å"pity† or â€Å"terror. † For example, in the poem, â€Å"Easter 1916,† Yeats fixes on the horror and captivation of the considerably devastating event of the Irish uprising. In the first stanza, the line â€Å"Being certain that they and I/ But lived were motley is worn,† signifies and emphasizes Yeats strong idea of â€Å"Irish-ness†. It is as if these men and women that he speaks of, such as Pearse and MacBride, share essentially nothing with him, nothing with each other really, except for their Irishness – the â€Å"motley† that they wore and their passion for Irish Independence – their â€Å"hearts with one purpose alone†. He recognizes and glorifies their â€Å"number in the song,† their part in the war and this brings in a technique in which Yeats quite often used which was that of encompassing classical allusions within his poetry. For example, the line, â€Å"This man had kept a school/and rode our winged horse† invites the image of Pearse, the man, riding Pegasus, a mythical beast or, it transforms Pearse into an ancient Irish hero, Cuchulain. By using classical allusion, Yeats is effectively ascending his characters into an almost intangible and iconic state. They are more than human and thus glorified, which is then ultimately sculpting Irish politics into an almost mythical state. In addition, the paradoxical line, â€Å"a terrible beauty is born,† returns in the poem like an impersonal chorus, suggesting an almost strangely impersonal event. The line, â€Å"All changed, changed utterly/ a terrible beauty is born† is a lyrically artistic buildup of stress that becomes almost chime- like in the poem, calling and announcing the coming of the birth of a new and terrible age.

Summary of Nike Stock Essays

Summary of Nike Stock Essays Summary of Nike Stock Essay Summary of Nike Stock Essay Nike, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in the design, development and worldwide marketing and selling of footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories and services. Now, it is the one of the most popular in the businesses in the world, most of people will choose Nike for their first chose. The date that the Nikes stock went public is December 2nd, 1980. Our group has recorded the stock information by 30 days (Form Oct 20th to Nov 20th). In this period, we discovered that there were factor can affect the price of Nicks stock. For example, from October 7th to 9th, the stock researched the really high point which is $70. 28 to $73. 44 because American government shouted down and they may dont need to pay the tax for the staff. The Nikes revenue grows by products sale and cheap workers in Asia. Form Sep 4th to Sep 1 5th, the stock has fallen 9. 1% in mid-morning trading which is their biggest drop since September 2001. In the period that we has recorded, the stock went up approximately. We think Nikes Stock is the stock that can make people to earn money. Our stock Calculator shows us: if a person invested $ 10, 00 of stock on that opening day, the worth will be $160,540. 40 today. The dividend of a stock also should be taken into account when people is measuring the value of Nikes stock. A dividend is a payment made by a corporation to its shareholders, usually as a distribution of profits. When a corporation earns a profit or surplus, it can either re-invest it in the business or it can distribute it to shareholders. Our group thinks Nike is offering a good amount on these items. Nike uses a good way to get what they want and also a good choice. Nike sales many kinds f sports items. For the comparison between Nike and other known publically traded companies, Nike incorporated is a multi-billion dollar corporation that started from two entrepreneurs taking advantage of changes of culture and life styles in modern society. It is increase by 8 percent to $7. 0 billion. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates did not have a significant impact on total reported revenue growth. Board of directors is also very important for our research. The main purpose of Nike director is identifying individuals qualified to become Board members. The Committee members will meet the applicable independence requirements of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) Listed Company Manual, and any other legal requirements applicable to Committee members. The requirement of a board members criteria independence is experience, education and knowledge and individual characters. Over 40 years after that handshake Nike maintains the very same integrity fundamental to their commitment to bring inspiration and innovation to every athlete in the world. Nikes Code of Business Conduct Ethics, Inside the Lines, is a reflection of that commitment and serves to formalize the principles nder which we operate. Corporate officers are Philip Hampson who is an American business magnate and philanthropist. nd William Jay who was an American track and field coach and co-founder of Nike, Inc. Nike, the company has nearly 100 Employees engaged in research and development Work, he launched the puffs sub sole program, so Nike The companys sales by the 1972 In 200 million increase To 1976 1400 $ 30 million. In our conclusion, Nikes stock is a good stock to invest. Its a stock that has a lot of room to grow, and their products are much better than the compe titors.

Artificial Intelligence Essay Example

Artificial Intelligence Essay Example Artificial Intelligence Essay Artificial Intelligence Essay Artificial intelligence is a growing development in daily life. From new computers to advanced cybernetic organisms, Artificial intelligence is leading the way in making human life easier. A common misunderstanding with artificial intelligence is that the created has to be capable of thought and actions, where as it is as simple as gathering and processing data. With research and development growing and private companies expanding their capabilities, artificial intelligence is being used to cure diseases, provide mobility to the disabled, and helping us to understand human life. Artificial Intelligence in the medical field is one of the biggest advancements that we have today. One example of artificial intelligence in the medical field would be the HAL robot suit that was created by Cyberdyne. This suit was designed to improve physical capability. When a person attempts to move, nerve signals are sent from the brain to the muscles by a Moto neuron that moves the musculoskeletal system as a sequence. The HAL suit detects signals on the skin through a sensor and based on what signals were picked up will then move the joint unitedly with the personâ„ ¢s muscle movement. The HAL suit was designed to be used for paraplegics and other disabled people, heavy labor support at factories, and rescue support for disasters. The HAL suits are very beneficial and bring hope to the people who could benefit from it. The Creators of HAL have not only made robots to help the disabled but to also provide entertainment, such as a robot to play Ping-Pong with or a robot bartender who could mix and serve you any drink you wish. Although many people would love to benefit and own robots such as these I think the most important idea is to build and create robots to help humans with everyday problems such as medical illnesses or robots that could help keep the world safe. An example of advancement in the A.I. field of medicines would be the development of nanotechnology. Nano technology is the engineering of functional systems at the size of a molecule. Nano technology refers to the ability to construct machines at molecule size; which enables the use of delivering things such as medications to patients. For example, nanotechnology could deliver drugs, heat, light, or other substances to specific types of cells. In the understanding Nano article it explains how particles are engineered to be attracted to diseased cells, which allows direct treatment of those cells. This basically reduces the risks of damaging the healthy cells and allows for earlier detection of a disease that might be present. There are actually Nano sized particles that are under development to deliver chemotherapy medications directly to the cancer cells. According to CytImmune Scienceâ„ ¢s website the tests are in progress and pending the final approval for use on actual cancer patients, with this type of technology and development this could be huge break through in the medical field once the tests are proven accurate and the FDA allows further productions to the public. Another example of artificial intelligence is the development of a noninvasive brain implant. When I first started my research on this I was very surprised to read about it, I would have never thought that this could be possible. Basically the brain implant is implanted on the actual skull but is completely covered by skin, this enables the paralyzed person to think a movement because the implant picks up on the sensors within the personâ„ ¢s skin. This implant is called the BioBolt. According to Wise who is the founding director of the NSF Engineering Research Center for Wireless Integrated Microsystems (WIMS ERC) The Ultimate goal is to be able to reactivate paralyzed limbs, by picking up neural signals from the brain cortex and transmitting those signals directly to muscles. Even though researchers say the technology is years away, with the continuing of the research and furthering with the development it could come sooner than we all think, BioBolt could help with controlling epilepsy and other diseases such as Parkinsonâ„ ¢s. Although artificial intelligence is and can be beneficial on a medical standpoint it could also be beneficial to the civilian world, all the possibilities can provide such as labor work or machines that can do handy stressful tasks that would need more than 1 human. A.I. could make life a whole lot easier, there are already robots that can play ping pong against a human, play chess against a champion chess player, but what if we had robots to help with construction on roads or houses. What if we had robots to do most of our handy work in half the time that a human could An interesting robot I found was in the form of a fish. The Japanese government is funding this robot in order to protect the waters from leaking contaminants from Fukushima. This underwater robot was designed to be completely waterproof and can actually swim like a real fish. The fish is also equipped with a pollution-detecting instrument within and a WIFI module that sends data to its user. This would be completely handy and less dangerous compared to sending an actual human to check out the leak and depending on how far down it is could depend on how much money is being used to fund that particular project. Further development of this project sounds completely harmless and beneficial to the humans and our waters. Artificial Intelligence could be the development into the future; with all these technological advancements coming out now I wouldnâ„ ¢t be surprised to see a huge A.I. breakthrough in our future. As for now we are currently surrounded by artificial intelligence, although it may not be in the form of robots we really do have it everywhere. A.I. in computer technology is in things such as our computers, our smart phones, even our blu-rays. Private sector companies have been attempting to make break through with science and technology, from the fast 3G capable cellphones, to the latest and greatest 4G. Private companies have been the leading the way due to vast amounts of private money and investors. With out the help from these entrepreneurs, our private lives would not have the capacity to allow for advanced technology in medicine, mobility to the immobile, and help us to understand human life.

Report on various features of the data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Report on various features of the data - Essay Example Further, some of the sources of revenues are interrelated as they may stimulate one another under their macroeconomic effects in the economy. This paper, based on a data set on United Kingdom government’s borrowing and received taxes, reports the data set’s features to the senior management office. Analysis of borrowings and received tax over the two fiscal years One of the important approaches to understanding the data set is an annual comparison of the data to understand the country’s progress in the period. This involves a comparison of the borrowings over the two fiscal years and a comparison of received tax over the period. The following table summarizes descriptive statists of government borrowings for the two fiscal years. ... The difference between mean and median for the yearly borrowings could also be explained by the negative borrowings in the two years and the borrowings were more dispersed in the year ended 2013 that the year ended 2012. The graph bellow compared the annual borrowings and indicates higher borrowings 2012 Graph 1: Comparison of yearly borrowings The nation’s received tax over the two periods can similarly be compared using descriptive statistics that are shown in the table below. Table 2: Descriptive statistics for the fiscal years ended 2012 and 2013 received taxes Fiscal year ended 2012 Â   Fiscal year ended 2013 Â   Mean 12701.91667 Mean 12716.5 Standard Error 1259.548407 Standard Error 1323.836 Median 11077.5 Median 11057.5 Mode #N/A Mode #N/A Standard Deviation 4363.20367 Standard Deviation 4585.903 Sample Variance 19037546.27 Sample Variance 21030504 Kurtosis 5.931301194 Kurtosis 5.685588 Skewness 2.311375522 Skewness 2.248221 Range 15364 Range 16611 Minimum 9578 Minimu m 8881 Maximum 24942 Maximum 25492 Sum 152423 Sum 152598 Count 12 Count 12 Confidence Level(95.0%) 2772.24735 Confidence Level(95.0%) 2913.744 The two periods reported an almost similar trend in received tax with means that are almost equal, 12701 and 12716. Medians for the two years similarly close with 11077.5 for the year ended 2012 and 11057.5 for the year 2013. Close similarity in standard deviation, Kurtosis, skewdness, minimum and maximum values and sums of received taxes further indicates similarity in the two periods’ trends and suggest consistency in the economic stability. The following graph shows a comparison of tax received in the two years with a similarity. Graph 2: Tax

How is the analysis of a drama's plot, character, and theme different Assignment

How is the analysis of a drama's plot, character, and theme different from that of a novel, or a short story - Assignment Example Differentiating the analysis of the aforementioned literary works probably would lie on the approach of an individual to how one understands the story. In a novel or short story, the events are told in a conversational way so that the incidents are almost completely interpreted as to how he would have wanted it to be. In addition, descriptions of events and characters as well as their feelings make the analysis of a novel or short story easier. In drama however, since the unfolding of the story is seen in the conversations of the characters and lacks the author’s explanation of their feelings, the interpretation relies more on the analysis of the conversations and the very words used. Also, as drama is made to be seen and heard like movies or plays, its analysis also involves the facial expressions, volume and tone of voices of the characters.

Application of Management Functions to a Case Study

Application of Management Functions to a - Case Study Example As a new manager, I would choose planning to guide me in the management of the hospital. In any business or an organization, entity that focuses on growth and offering quality services to their customers planning is essential (Kerzner, 2013). According to Kerzner, (2013) planning is one of the basic management functions; it involves the use of the available resources to ensure maximum production of goods or solving of peoples wants and needs. Planning ensures maximization of the resources available for production. Additionally, it ensures that the economies of scale are optimized to ensure growth of the organization. Since the merging brings together two entities with different philosophies and way of doing things, planning will be essential to adopt them into our ways of doing things. Additionally, we have to absorb some of the staff who was working in the small hospital. Absorbing the staff can only be possible through effective planning (Kerzner, 2013). Further, Johnson (2013) stated that planning ensures that our goals are clearly set to prevent any conflicts of interest in the newly merged hospital. I will ensure that the goals outlined clearly by writing and follow up to ensure, all the responsible people work hard to ensure the realization of the goals. Additionally, it can come up with a proposal by which the hospitals goals are pinned on all notice boards of the entire hospital. A goal also doubles up as the objectives of the hospital. Objectives are the laid down principles that act as a guide to every organization success. The success of any organization is measured through; the achievements are compared to the set goals. After the merger of the two hospitals, my main goals will include. To increase the number of staff, to start an expanded laboratory facility and to come up with a new registry that will be holding all the records of patients and their affiliates. Secondly, planning shall be essential in my efforts in setting down of

Physics of Volleyball Essay Example for Free

Physics of Volleyball Essay Physics is the study of energy and how it is transferred from one particle to another. There is certainly a lot of energy transferred between objects and players in the sport of volleyball. A few of the concepts of physics that take place during volleyball include gravity, displacement, velocity, acceleration, projectile motion, and force. These concepts are displayed throughout the different positions on the court. There are three main aspects of volleyball that include physics, the first one being displacement. This happens when a player moves to their position on the court and when the ball moves from side to side. Displacement is relative to all positions on the court of volleyball because all six players should be evenly spaced on their respective side. Each player on the court is assigned one of the six positions. Even though theyre only assigned one position, they move and adjust to the play according to their teammates and the direction of the ball. Secondly, velocity is the speed of the player and ball. Velocity is commonly expressed as the change in displacement in a given time. One of these areas where velocity is found in volleyball would be when a player spikes the ball. With the proper velocity, the ball will hit the floor without a defender being able to react quickly enough to the attack. Thirdly, there is gravity, If there was no gravity the ball would not come down nor would the players. Gravity is essential to volleyball because without gravity the players would not be able to stay on the ground and enjoy the game. Also, the ball would float away from the people participating in the game. There are two major concepts of physics for serving, velocity and acceleration. As the ball’s velocity increases its distance also becomes greater. Since the ball is in constant acceleration, the velocity increases by the same amount of time. With the proper velocity, the ball will hit the floor without a defender being able to react quickly enough to the attack. Acceleration goes hand-in-hand with velocity. Acceleration is defined as the rate at which velocity changes. The ball, along with players on the court, both have acceleration. There are times in a volleyball game when the ball has constant acceleration, when the ball is served. When the ball is hit by a player for a spike, the rate at which it reaches is maximum velocity is the acceleration. In order to determine when to hit the ball, you need to calculate the trajectory, speed, and placement of the set. When approaching the ball, the body has kinetic energy and this energy turns into potential energy. This allows the player to jump higher. Since potential energy is the product of the mass of the player, gravity, and the height of the jump, the height is what determines how much potential energy will be attained. When the player hits the ball, it puts as much momentum into it as possible, the shorter amount of time the hand is in contact with the ball, the greater the momentum. Physics affects every aspect of the sport of volleyball from hitting, defense and serving. Without the concepts of physics that take place during volleyball include gravity, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and force, there would not be the sport. Understanding the physics behind the game can make someone a better player because they can learn how the game works and react to it accordingly.

Is Export oriented industrialization indispensable for economic growth

Is Export oriented industrialization indispensable for economic growth INTRODUCTION One of the key indicators, of economic development of a country, is its level of industrialization. That is, as many empirical investigations proved the main reason for increased divergence in living standards between the advanced countries and the developing countries is their level of industrialization. This being the fact, it is only after decolonization and end of world War II that, developing countries consciously adopted industrialization strategies for economic development purposes and as a solution, from their vulnerable dependence on export of few primary products and import of high valued manufactured goods (Brisbane, 1980). The low terms of trade in international market for primary goods from former colonies and the determination to get out of severe poverty and register sustained growth, were the main reasons for the diversification of the narrow structure of the colonial economy. Industrialization is beneficial for developing countries for many reasons including the following (i) it reduces their vulnerable dependence; (ii) it speeds up their economic growth process; (iii) it modernize the economy through spill over or externalities effects associated with industrialization, from advanced countries; (iv) create more employment for the vast population in rural agricultural sector and accelerate income growth which is used as a means to re-distribute income to the impoverished masses; and (v) generate more foreign currency through export which reduces balance of payment problems (Brisbane, 1980). As Brisbane explained, to industrialize, developing countries adopted import substitution strategies from about 1945 to the 1970s. Import substitution strategy is designed to produce few luxury consumer goods for domestic consumption behind a very high tariff wall. However, most countries which followed the import substitution strategy failed, to meet the goal of industrialization, while spectacular growth and development was reported from developing countries that pursued an export oriented strategy, in the 1970s. Defined simply, export-oriented Industrialization (EOI) often termed as export led industrialization (ELI) is a policy designed for the purpose of speeding up the industrialization process of a country through exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative advantage. This policy requires countries to open up their domestic market to foreign competition in return to getting access to international market. In order to promote EOI and ultimately economic development, complementary policies in relation to tariffs, trade, exchange rate, and others need to be adopted and employed. This paper will critically examine how export oriented industrialization is essential for economic growth in developing countries, if it can be backed up by appropriate policies on trade, industrial policy and exchange rate policy, geared for that purpose. The paper also argues that export oriented industrialization has its own drawbacks. Thus, the essay is structured as follows: In section 2, It the paper analyses the significance of policies on the functioning of EOI, particularly: trade policy, industrial policy and exchange rate policy that developing countries need to adopt and identifies areas where government intervention is needed to bring economic development. It then explains the drawbacks of export oriented industrialization, on export dependence countries, in Section 3. Then section 4, empirically examines how EOI contributes to economic development and the conclusions are presented in section 5. 2. Significance of Policies on EOI The role of complementary policies for effectiveness of export oriented industrialization is undeniable. This paper focuses mainly on how trade, industrial and exchange rate policies can support EOI policy. 2.1 Trade policy: Appropriate trade policy is one of the key tools used for effective of export oriented industrialization and for economic development, in general. That is, the better trade policy a country has, the better chance it has for industrial diversification, creating value added products and getting more income from export. Theoretical context: Even if, there has been little consensus on the relationship between trade and short- to medium -term economic growth-and even less on its role in long term economic development. The principle of comparative advantage, which prescribe countries to specialize as to their factor endowment, first described by David Ricardo, forms the theoretical basis for traditional trade theory and provides the rationale for free trade. The principle states that even if a country produced all goods more cheaply than other countries, it would benefit by specializing in the export of its relatively cheapest good (or the good in which it has a comparative advantage)(Murray Gibbs 2007, p. 10). And some classical economists believed that the principal base for this principle is the difference in factor endowments among countries determine the relative cost of production. However, this traditional theory from classical economists has been challenged as it doesnt explain well the actual trade patterns and as the theory has unrealistic assumptions, like perfect competition, full employment etc (Murray Gibbs 2007). In addition to the unrealistic assumptions, in real situations the theory favors advanced countries, and developing countries hardly benefit anything from it. The controversial Singer Prebisch thesis, also explained this situation by stating that it is the center that gets all the benefits of international trade while the periphery gets nothing, which opposes to the Ricardian Theory of Comparative Advantage. He argued: given the differences in the existing economic, productive and labor market structures between the periphery and the center (in the application of technology in traded goods and in the market structures; oligopoly vs. competitive) less-developed countries cannot benefit from international market, if they adopt comparative advan tage doctrine (Todaro and Smith 2009).This is because developing countries usually produce and export primary products which have lower terms of trade. And the scope for diversification is too narrow, and these conditions put developing countries to have vulnerable dependence on international market. Thus, unlike the classical economists static comparative advantage doctrine, dynamic comparative advantage is a better option for developing countries. This is because as more innovation, technology, capital, and other requirements for industrializations are met and as industrialization happens in developing countries, it will be easier to diversify their economic structure, as manufactured goods have better terms of trade than primary products. Skarstein (2007) in his paper Free Trade: A Dead End for Underdeveloped Economies,criticized the comparative advantage doctrine. He argued, what matters most in international trade is the absolute advantage that countries get out of it than a comparative advantage. And empirical evidences show that the doctrines of comparative advantage and free trade benefit the advanced countries only. This is mainly because the doctrines are likely to exclude international learning among countries. Particularly, the WTO agreement, Trade related intellectual property rights (TRIPS), which is a big challenge developing countries to acquire technology, skill and international learning from the rest of the world. He also argued, for a trade policy to function effectively, developing countries have to make sure that, this policy is well integrated with their industrial policy. And in addition to these, developing countries have to get support from advanced countries, through reduced import tariffs for goods from developing countries and by giving developing countries a chance to protect their industries and to get easy access to international market. He also stressed that, developing countries have to ensure that food security is maintained in their countries, as it keeps them safe from their foreign account, balance of payment problems as well. Thus, governments of developing countries have to protect agricultural production for consumption. Therefore, while designing policies, developing countries have to consider the dynamic comparative advantage or absolute advantage options. In addition to this, they also have to consider how their economic integration to the world economy should be in support of EOI. 2.2 Industrial policy: A proper industrial policy is also another important tool for effective export oriented industrialization, as a countrys industrialization depends on how individual domestic firms are protected. This is because, it is individual firms that innovate and harness technological change and compete in the world market (Suranovic, 2002). The basic policy component of industrial policy for developing countries is Infant industry protection. It is a necessary condition, because newly emerging firms in developing countries need some policy to help them grow strong and to safeguard them from intrusion of foreign firms in their market, that have a negative effect on their growth. Infant industries in developing countries can mainly be protected through import tariff mechanism, which reduce imports from the rest of the world and raises demand and production of domestic product. This protection enables the domestic firms to cover their higher production costs and to remain in business. Depending on the nature of the firm, infant industry protection strategy will help the domestic firms to produce efficiently and to be competent in international markets. However, in order to use the infant industry protection policy as a tool for export oriented industrialization, government of developing countries need to have reliable information about what industry to protect, how large the production tariffs need to be and over what period the tariffs will be reduced and eliminated. Because import tariffs have to be gradually reduced and eliminated, to increase efficiency of domestic firms. A complementary policy component to infant industry protection in export oriented industrialization is export promotion. This component stimulates export and allows the infant industry to have access to international market, while Infant industry protection policy allows the new domestic firm to grow strong. For industrial policy to be effective it has to be complemented by competition policy, as some regulations are required for the competition among domestic firms and simultaneously, as there is a need for policy to protect the domestic firms from intrusion of foreign firms in their market. A coherent execution of industrial policy requires a coordinated approach to trade policies. This is because trade policies are designed usually in accordance with a countrys trade negotiations, which include: policies related to investment, tariff, Intellectual property, and others. The effectiveness of tariffs as a tool for industrialization is also linked to the monetary policy framework within which it operates. When the capital account is liberalized control over exchange rates may be lost and the appreciation of exchange rates can obviously undermine export competitiveness and the impact of tariff protection (Murray Gibbs 2007, p. 19). 2.3. Exchange rate policy: The role of exchange rate policy in the success of export oriented industrialization strategy is undeniable. Exchange rate is a policy on the level of exchange rate of a countrys currency. The main challenge in formulating the exchange rate policy is in keeping balance between maintaining exchange rate stability and maintaining export price competitiveness, which requires devaluation. Devaluation increases the value of imports, while it gives options for exporters to choose either to reduce the prices of their products or to keep them as they are, to increase their profit margin. Thus, devaluation, at a cost of higher inflation, enables domestic industries to be competent internationally, by keeping the volume of import down and by raising the volume of export (domestic output) higher. The role of government in controlling inflation, to stabilize the economy is very essential, here. Thus, this phenomenon in addition to supporting the export oriented industrialization process it helps countries to improve their current account balance in Balance of payment problem (Jacob, Atta ; Keith R., Jefferis ; Ita, Mannathoko and Pelani, Siwawa-Ndai 2000) 3. Drawbacks of Export dependence A country is dependent on export, if export constitutes the largest portion of its gross domestic products. However, even if EOI strategy contributes for economic development, the extent to which this strategy is applied has to be considered for various reasons. To mention some of them, as dependency theorists argue: first, export dependent developing countries cause chaos on the long-term economic planning capacity of a nation-state (Barratt-Brown Prebisch) as these countries have little or no control over the market, to allow sustained economic growth through stable revenue. Second, Income from export is not a reliable source for economic development for developing countries. As many of the export oriented industrializations in these countries are owned by multinational corporations, and large portion of revenue from such sources are not repatriated, to be used for re-investment (Jaffee, 1985). 4. Empirical evidence: Skarstein, 2007 paper Free Trade: A Dead End for Underdeveloped Economies, showed the empirical evidences on EOIs contribution for miraculous economic development of the Asian tigers and the now developed countries. It mainly showed the relationship between economic development and effective implementation of infant industries protection policy and export promotion policy. In support of this, it is argued, that many people have argued that Infant industry protection was precisely the industrial development strategy that was pursued by countries like the US and Germany during their rapid industrial development before the turn of the 20th century. Both the US and Germany had high tariffs during their industrial revolution periods. These tariffs helped protect fledgling industries from competition with more efficient firms in Britain and may have been the necessary requirement to stimulate economic growth (Suranovic 2002) Bairoch also analyzed data and concluded that the different the effect of free trade on developed and developing countries is. In all the cases he analyzed, free trade has a positive effect on developed countries while it lets the least developed countries to suffer. He mentioned that United Kingdom registered its fastest growth during the period (1860 1880). In those cases he analyzed, how effective import tariffs for developing countries were in their economic development (Bairoch, 1972, p. 211). In his paper, Skarstein, illustrated, with detailed data how the East Asian tigers used industrialization policy for their economic development. That is: first by implementing a policy of protected import substitution and then, as their industries grow competent, by shifting their industrialization strategy to export oriented industrialization, with a slow reduction of import barriers for industrial good. And, at the same time, how implementing high import protection for their agriculture helped them to maintain food security and helped their success in industrialization The miraculous performance of the East and South East Asian countries during 1970s to 1990s cannot be analyzed without considering the connection between the export -oriented policies and economic growth. In the Newly Industrialized Economies from East and South East Asia, the general macroeconomic policies as well as selective export promotion policies facilitated the high export and economic growth. Following their path China and India also changed their policy stance in favor of export oriented policies and moved on the high growth trajectories. 5. Conclusions: In sum industrialization is a key process for developing countries for economic development. However, as many economists agree, the process of economic development is very complex, as it depends on large number of variables such as political system, socio economic structure, capital accumulation (both physical and human), trade, price fluctuations, and income distribution, and even more on geographical characteristics. As such, while export oriented industrialization contributes to economic growth, it is not necessarily indispensable to the growth and development of developing countries. As explained in this essay, EOI can be one of the key strategies to register economic growth. And in order for it to function effectively it has to be supported by appropriate components of the policy like: infant industry protection strategy, competition policy, export promotion strategy and others. More specifically, it requires well functioning and well integrated macroeconomic policies like: trade policy, industrial policy, exchange rate policy, investment policy, tariff policy and others. Government intervention also plays a key role in making the export oriented industrialization effective for economic development. Examined empirical evidences also reveal that Export-oriented Industrialization was particularly the characteristic of the economic development of the Asian Tigers: Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore in the post World War II period . In addition to Asian Tigers, evidences also tell how EOI strategy contributed for the economic development of US, Germany and others, who are now in developed world category. However, though the role of export oriented industrialization in economic development is undeniable, countries have to also carefully consider its share in the gross domestic product, as larger export dependence has a negative effect on economic growth.